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Монгол орны хөрсний бичил биетний олон янз байдлыг орчин үеийн аргаар судалж байна



Exploration of Mongolian Soil Microbial Community Diversity Using a Culture-Independent Method

    Researchers at the Institute of Biology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences (IB, MAS) are examining the roles of soil microbial community and functional diversity in soil health across various climate backgrounds in Mongolia. We utilize a high-throughput amplicon sequencing approach that eliminate the need for isolating and culturing individual microbial strains. The sequencing data are analyzed using the amplicon sequencing data processing pipeline developed by Dr. Ye-Deng’s group at Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

    Here, we present the relative abundance of bacterial and archaeal phyla identified in the representative soil samples collected from the forest, forest steppe, and desert steppe zones. Initial results indicate that the dominant bacterial phyla in Mongolian soils are Actinobacteria, Planctomycetota, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Chloroflexi (please refer to Figures 1–3). Tables 1–3 display the most abundant bacterial groups at order level at the three sampling sites.

The complete list of identified microbial species in Mongolian soils will be made available upon request following the publication of our findings.   

    This research is part of an international collaborative research project funded by the Alliance of International Science Organizations. The principle investigator of the project is Dr. Punsaldulam Dashnyam at IB, MAS. 

 Figure 1. Relative abundance of bacterial and archaeal phyla found in a soil sample collected from forest zone (Khuvsgul aimag).









Figure 2. Relative abundance of bacterial and archaeal phyla found in a soil sample collected from forest steppe zone (Uvurkhangai aimag).







Figure 3. Relative abundance of bacterial and archaeal phyla found in a soil sample collected from desert steppe zone (Govi-Altai aimag).

Table 1. The most abundant bacterial groups found in a soil sample collected from forest zone (Khuvgul aimag)

No

Phylum

Class

Order

Relative abundance, %

1

Planctomycetota

Planctomycetes

Gemmatales

9.0

2

Actinobacteriota

Thermoleophilia

Solirubrobacterales

4.2

3

Actinobacteriota

Thermoleophilia

Gaiellales

3.6

4

Proteobacteria

Alphaproteobacteria

Rhizobiales

3.2

5

Acidobacteriota

Vicinamibacteria

Vicinamibacterales

2.8

6

Bacteroidota

Bacteroidia

Chitinophagales

2.8

7

Gemmatimonadota

Gemmatimonadetes

Gemmatimonadales

2.7

8

Proteobacteria

Gammaproteobacteria

Burkholderiales

2.7

9

Planctomycetota

Planctomycetes

Pirellulales

2.6

10

Planctomycetota

Phycisphaerae

Tepidisphaerales

2.3

11

Actinobacteriota

MB-A2-108

Unclassified

2.3

12

Verrucomicrobiota

Verrucomicrobiae

Chthoniobacterales

2.2

13

Planctomycetota

Planctomycetes

Isosphaerales

2.0

14

Unclassified

Unclassified

Unclassified

1.9

15

Verrucomicrobiota

Verrucomicrobiae

Pedosphaerales

1.7

16

Myxococcota

Polyangia

Polyangiales

1.7

17

Actinobacteriota

Acidimicrobiia

Microtrichales

1.6

18

Verrucomicrobiota

Chlamydiae

Chlamydiales

1.5

19

Myxococcota

Polyangia

Haliangiales

1.3

20

Actinobacteriota

Actinobacteria

Micromonosporales

1.2

21

Actinobacteriota

Acidimicrobiia

Unclassified

1.0

22

Firmicutes

Bacilli

Paenibacillales

1.0

23

Acidobacteriota

Blastocatellia

Pyrinomonadales

1.0

24

Actinobacteriota

Acidimicrobiia

IMCC26256

0.8

25

Actinobacteriota

Actinobacteria

Propionibacteriales

0.8

26

Planctomycetota

OM190

Unclassified

0.8

27

Chloroflexi

Chloroflexia

Thermomicrobiales

0.8

28

Planctomycetota

Phycisphaerae

Phycisphaerales

0.7

29

Chloroflexi

Ktedonobacteria

C0119

0.7

30

Acidobacteriota

Acidobacteriae

Bryobacterales

0.7

31

Actinobacteriota

Actinobacteria

Frankiales

0.7

32

Methylomirabilota

Methylomirabilia

Rokubacteriales

0.7

33

Chloroflexi

KD4-96

Unclassified

0.7

34

Bdellovibrionota

Oligoflexia

0319-6G20

0.7

35

Chloroflexi

Chloroflexia

Chloroflexales

0.7

36

Bacteroidota

Bacteroidia

Cytophagales

0.7

37

Actinobacteriota

Rubrobacteria

Rubrobacterales

0.6

38

Proteobacteria

Alphaproteobacteria

Sphingomonadales

0.6

39

Dependentiae

Babeliae

Babeliales

0.6

40

Chloroflexi

Anaerolineae

SBR1031

0.6

41

Proteobacteria

Alphaproteobacteria

Acetobacterales

0.6

42

Bdellovibrionota

Bdellovibrionia

Bdellovibrionales

0.6

43

Proteobacteria

Alphaproteobacteria

Elsterales

0.6

44

Acidobacteriota

Vicinamibacteria

Subgroup 17

0.6

45

Bacteroidota

Bacteroidia

Sphingobacteriales

0.6

46

Proteobacteria

Alphaproteobacteria

Unclassified

0.5

47

Armatimonadota

Unclassified

Unclassified

0.5

48

Acidobacteriota

Blastocatellia

Blastocatellales

0.5

49

Firmicutes

Bacilli

Bacillales

0.5

50

Actinobacteriota

Unclassified

Unclassified

0.5

51

Actinobacteriota

Actinobacteria

0319-7L14

0.5

52

Proteobacteria

Gammaproteobacteria

Xanthomonadales

0.5

53

Acidobacteriota

Acidobacteriae

Solibacterales

0.5

54

Latescibacterota

Unclassified

Unclassified

0.5

55

Actinobacteriota

Actinobacteria

Pseudonocardiales

0.5

56

Proteobacteria

Gammaproteobacteria

Incertae Sedis

0.5

57

Planctomycetota

Planctomycetes

Planctomycetales

0.5

58

Proteobacteria

Alphaproteobacteria

Tistrellales

0.4

59

Chloroflexi

TK10

Unclassified

0.4

60

Proteobacteria

Alphaproteobacteria

Caulobacterales

0.4

61

Acidobacteriota

Holophagae

Subgroup 7

0.4

62

Chloroflexi

Unclassified

Unclassified

0.4

63

Actinobacteriota

Actinobacteria

Streptosporangiales

0.4

64

Acidobacteriota

Thermoanaerobaculia

Thermoanaerobaculales

0.4

65

Myxococcota

Myxococcia

Myxococcales

0.4

66

Chloroflexi

Dehalococcoidia

S085

0.4

67

Acidobacteriota

Acidobacteriae

Acidobacteriales

0.4

68

Proteobacteria

Gammaproteobacteria

Steroidobacterales

0.4

69

Acidobacteriota

Subgroup 22

Unclassified

0.3

70

Actinobacteriota

Actinobacteria

Unclassified

0.3

71

Actinobacteriota

Thermoleophilia

Unclassified

0.3

72

Actinobacteriota

Actinobacteria

Micrococcales

0.3

73

Acidobacteriota

Subgroup 25

Unclassified

0.3

74

Proteobacteria

Gammaproteobacteria

Diplorickettsiales

0.3

75

Acidobacteriota

Blastocatellia

44524

0.3

76

Verrucomicrobiota

Verrucomicrobiae

Opitutales

0.3

77

Planctomycetota

Planctomycetes

Unclassified

0.3

78

Nitrospirota

Nitrospiria

Nitrospirales

0.3

79

Myxococcota

bacteriap25

Unclassified

0.3

80

Myxococcota

Polyangia

mle1-27

0.3

81

Myxococcota

bacteriap25

metagenome

0.3

82

Armatimonadota

Chthonomonadetes

Chthonomonadales

0.3

83

Chloroflexi

Anaerolineae

Anaerolineales

0.3

84

Bacteroidota

Kapabacteria

Kapabacteriales

0.3

85

Proteobacteria

Gammaproteobacteria

Legionellales

0.2

86

Proteobacteria

Gammaproteobacteria

Unclassified

0.2

87

Proteobacteria

Alphaproteobacteria

Micropepsales

0.2

88

Planctomycetota

Unclassified

Unclassified

0.2

89

Myxococcota

Polyangia

Blfdi19

0.2

90

Abditibacteriota

Abditibacteria

Abditibacteriales

0.2

91

Verrucomicrobiota

Verrucomicrobiae

Verrucomicrobiales

0.2

92

Chloroflexi

Chloroflexia

Kallotenuales

0.2

93

Gemmatimonadota

AKAU4049

Unclassified

0.2

94

Acidobacteriota

Subgroup 5

metagenome

0.2

95

Acidobacteriota

Subgroup 5

Unclassified

0.2

96

Chloroflexi

Gitt-GS-136

Unclassified

0.2

97

Actinobacteriota

Actinobacteria

Corynebacteriales

0.2

98

Proteobacteria

Alphaproteobacteria

Rickettsiales

0.2

99

Chloroflexi

P2-11E

Unclassified

0.2

100

NB1-j

Unclassified

Unclassified

0.2

Table 2. The most abundant bacterial orders found in a soil sample collected from forest steppe zone (Uvurkhangai aimag)

No

Phylum

Class

Order

Relative abundance, %

1

Planctomycetota

Planctomycetes

Gemmatales

9.4

2

Gemmatimonadota

Gemmatimonadetes

Gemmatimonadales

3.8

3

Actinobacteriota

Thermoleophilia

Solirubrobacterales

3.7

4

Actinobacteriota

Thermoleophilia

Gaiellales

2.9

5

Proteobacteria

Alphaproteobacteria

Rhizobiales

2.6

6

Planctomycetota

Phycisphaerae

Tepidisphaerales

2.5

7

Unclassified

Unclassified

Unclassified

2.4

8

Proteobacteria

Gammaproteobacteria

Burkholderiales

2.2

9

Planctomycetota

Planctomycetes

Pirellulales

2.0

10

Acidobacteriota

Vicinamibacteria

Vicinamibacterales

2.0

11

Bacteroidota

Bacteroidia

Chitinophagales

1.9

12

Verrucomicrobiota

Verrucomicrobiae

Pedosphaerales

1.7

13

Actinobacteriota

MB-A2-108

Unclassified

1.7

14

Planctomycetota

Planctomycetes

Isosphaerales

1.6

15

Verrucomicrobiota

Verrucomicrobiae

Chthoniobacterales

1.6

16

Armatimonadota

Unclassified

Unclassified

1.6

17

Chloroflexi

Chloroflexia

Thermomicrobiales

1.5

18

Chloroflexi

TK10

Unclassified

1.5

19

Actinobacteriota

Acidimicrobiia

Microtrichales

1.5

20

Myxococcota

Polyangia

Polyangiales

1.4

21

Myxococcota

Polyangia

Haliangiales

1.3

22

Actinobacteriota

Actinobacteria

0319-7L14

1.2

23

Firmicutes

Bacilli

Paenibacillales

1.2

24

Actinobacteriota

Actinobacteria

Propionibacteriales

1.1

25

Chloroflexi

Chloroflexia

Chloroflexales

1.0

26

Actinobacteriota

Actinobacteria

Micromonosporales

1.0

27

Actinobacteriota

Acidimicrobiia

Unclassified

1.0

28

Chloroflexi

Ktedonobacteria

C0119

0.9

29

Proteobacteria

Alphaproteobacteria

Acetobacterales

0.9

30

Chloroflexi

Chloroflexia

Kallotenuales

0.9

31

Actinobacteriota

Acidimicrobiia

IMCC26256

0.8

32

Bacteroidota

Bacteroidia

Cytophagales

0.8

33

Myxococcota

Myxococcia

Myxococcales

0.8

34

Planctomycetota

OM190

Unclassified

0.8

35

Planctomycetota

Planctomycetes

Planctomycetales

0.8

36

Planctomycetota

Phycisphaerae

Phycisphaerales

0.8

37

Acidobacteriota

Blastocatellia

Pyrinomonadales

0.8

38

Actinobacteriota

Actinobacteria

Frankiales

0.7

39

Acidobacteriota

Acidobacteriae

Bryobacterales

0.7

40

Actinobacteriota

Rubrobacteria

Rubrobacterales

0.7

41

Proteobacteria

Alphaproteobacteria

Elsterales

0.7

42

Bdellovibrionota

Oligoflexia

0319-6G20

0.7

43

Proteobacteria

Alphaproteobacteria

Tistrellales

0.6

44

Chloroflexi

KD4-96

Unclassified

0.6

45

Acidobacteriota

Acidobacteriae

Solibacterales

0.6

46

Chloroflexi

Unclassified

Unclassified

0.6

47

Chloroflexi

Anaerolineae

SBR1031

0.6

48

Acidobacteriota

Blastocatellia

Blastocatellales

0.6

49

Actinobacteriota

Actinobacteria

Unclassified

0.5

50

Proteobacteria

Alphaproteobacteria

Sphingomonadales

0.5

51

Bacteroidota

Bacteroidia

Sphingobacteriales

0.5

52

Firmicutes

Bacilli

Bacillales

0.5

53

Actinobacteriota

Actinobacteria

Streptosporangiales

0.5

54

Bdellovibrionota

Bdellovibrionia

Bdellovibrionales

0.5

55

Gemmatimonadota

S0134 terrestrial group

Unclassified

0.5

56

Proteobacteria

Alphaproteobacteria

Unclassified

0.5

57

Acidobacteriota

Thermoanaerobaculia

Thermoanaerobaculales

0.5

58

Proteobacteria

Gammaproteobacteria

Diplorickettsiales

0.4

59

Nitrospirota

Nitrospiria

Nitrospirales

0.4

60

Actinobacteriota

Unclassified

Unclassified

0.4

61

Gemmatimonadota

Longimicrobia

Longimicrobiales

0.4

62

Methylomirabilota

Methylomirabilia

Rokubacteriales

0.4

63

Dependentiae

Babeliae

Babeliales

0.4

64

Actinobacteriota

Acidimicrobiia

Actinomarinales

0.4

65

Entotheonellaeota

Entotheonellia

Entotheonellales

0.4

66

Acidobacteriota

Acidobacteriae

Acidobacteriales

0.4

67

Acidobacteriota

Holophagae

Subgroup 7

0.4

68

Actinobacteriota

Actinobacteria

Pseudonocardiales

0.4

69

Myxococcota

Polyangia

mle1-27

0.4

70

Verrucomicrobiota

Chlamydiae

Chlamydiales

0.3

71

Actinobacteriota

Actinobacteria

Micrococcales

0.3

72

Acidobacteriota

Vicinamibacteria

Subgroup 17

0.3

73

Chloroflexi

Anaerolineae

Caldilineales

0.3

74

Proteobacteria

Gammaproteobacteria

Unclassified

0.3

75

Proteobacteria

Gammaproteobacteria

Xanthomonadales

0.3

76

Chloroflexi

Anaerolineae

Anaerolineales

0.3

77

Acidobacteriota

Blastocatellia

44524

0.3

78

Armatimonadota

Armatimonadia

Armatimonadales

0.3

79

Armatimonadota

Chthonomonadetes

Chthonomonadales

0.3

80

Proteobacteria

Alphaproteobacteria

Rhodobacterales

0.3

81

Patescibacteria

Unclassified

Unclassified

0.3

82

Chloroflexi

JG30-KF-CM66

Unclassified

0.3

83

Patescibacteria

Saccharimonadia

Saccharimonadales

0.2

84

Myxococcota

bacteriap25

Unclassified

0.2

85

Chloroflexi

Dehalococcoidia

S085

0.2

86

Actinobacteriota

Actinobacteria

Corynebacteriales

0.2

87

Latescibacterota

Unclassified

Unclassified

0.2

88

Proteobacteria

Alphaproteobacteria

Caulobacterales

0.2

89

Desulfobacterota

Unclassified

Unclassified

0.2

90

Actinobacteriota

Actinobacteria

Euzebyales

0.2

91

Planctomycetota

Planctomycetes

Unclassified

0.2

92

Verrucomicrobiota

Verrucomicrobiae

Verrucomicrobiales

0.2

93

Armatimonadota

Unclassified

metagenome

0.2

94

Proteobacteria

Gammaproteobacteria

Nitrosococcales

0.2

95

Acidobacteriota

Subgroup 5

Unclassified

0.2

96

Verrucomicrobiota

Verrucomicrobiae

Opitutales

0.2

97

Bacteroidota

Bacteroidia

Flavobacteriales

0.2

98

Chloroflexi

AD3

Unclassified

0.2

99

Actinobacteriota

Thermoleophilia

Unclassified

0.2

100

Proteobacteria

Gammaproteobacteria

Incertae Sedis

0.2


Table 3. The most abundant bacterial orders found in a soil sample collected from desert steppe zone (Govi-Altai aimag)

No

Phylum

Class

Order

Relative abundance, %

1

Planctomycetota

Planctomycetes

Gemmatales

8.6

2

Gemmatimonadota

Gemmatimonadetes

Gemmatimonadales

4.1

3

Actinobacteriota

Thermoleophilia

Solirubrobacterales

3.8

4

Actinobacteriota

Thermoleophilia

Gaiellales

3.4

5

Unclassified

Unclassified

Unclassified

3.3

6

Chloroflexi

Chloroflexia

Kallotenuales

2.9

7

Planctomycetota

Planctomycetes

Pirellulales

2.6

8

Proteobacteria

Alphaproteobacteria

Rhizobiales

2.4

9

Actinobacteriota

MB-A2-108

Unclassified

2.4

10

Acidobacteriota

Vicinamibacteria

Vicinamibacterales

2.3

11

Chloroflexi

TK10

Unclassified

2.1

12

Armatimonadota

Unclassified

Unclassified

2.0

13

Planctomycetota

Phycisphaerae

Tepidisphaerales

1.9

14

Chloroflexi

Chloroflexia

Thermomicrobiales

1.8

15

Actinobacteriota

Actinobacteria

0319-7L14

1.8

16

Proteobacteria

Gammaproteobacteria

Burkholderiales

1.7

17

Bacteroidota

Bacteroidia

Chitinophagales

1.7

18

Actinobacteriota

Acidimicrobiia

Microtrichales

1.6

19

Actinobacteriota

Acidimicrobiia

Unclassified

1.3

20

Actinobacteriota

Actinobacteria

Propionibacteriales

1.1

21

Planctomycetota

Planctomycetes

Isosphaerales

1.1

22

Acidobacteriota

Blastocatellia

Pyrinomonadales

1.1

23

Myxococcota

Polyangia

Polyangiales

1.1

24

Chloroflexi

Chloroflexia

Chloroflexales

1.1

25

Verrucomicrobiota

Verrucomicrobiae

Pedosphaerales

1.0

26

Firmicutes

Bacilli

Paenibacillales

1.0

27

Actinobacteriota

Rubrobacteria

Rubrobacterales

1.0

28

Actinobacteriota

Acidimicrobiia

IMCC26256

0.9

29

Proteobacteria

Alphaproteobacteria

Tistrellales

0.9

30

Gemmatimonadota

Longimicrobia

Longimicrobiales

0.9

31

Bacteroidota

Bacteroidia

Cytophagales

0.9

32

Verrucomicrobiota

Verrucomicrobiae

Chthoniobacterales

0.9

33

Planctomycetota

Planctomycetes

Planctomycetales

0.8

34

Proteobacteria

Alphaproteobacteria

Acetobacterales

0.8

35

Actinobacteriota

Actinobacteria

Micromonosporales

0.8

36

Myxococcota

Polyangia

Haliangiales

0.7

37

Chloroflexi

Unclassified

Unclassified

0.7

38

Chloroflexi

Ktedonobacteria

C0119

0.7

39

Gemmatimonadota

S0134 terrestrial group

Unclassified

0.7

40

Actinobacteriota

Unclassified

Unclassified

0.7

41

Acidobacteriota

Acidobacteriae

Bryobacterales

0.6

42

Bdellovibrionota

Oligoflexia

0319-6G20

0.6

43

Proteobacteria

Alphaproteobacteria

Sphingomonadales

0.6

44

Nitrospirota

Nitrospiria

Nitrospirales

0.5

45

Myxococcota

Myxococcia

Myxococcales

0.5

46

Chloroflexi

JG30-KF-CM66

Unclassified

0.5

47

Chloroflexi

KD4-96

Unclassified

0.5

48

Proteobacteria

Alphaproteobacteria

Unclassified

0.5

49

Bdellovibrionota

Bdellovibrionia

Bdellovibrionales

0.5

50

Acidobacteriota

Holophagae

Subgroup 7

0.5

51

Firmicutes

Bacilli

Bacillales

0.5

52

Methylomirabilota

Methylomirabilia

Rokubacteriales

0.5

53

Actinobacteriota

Actinobacteria

Frankiales

0.5

54

Actinobacteriota

Actinobacteria

Unclassified

0.5

55

Acidobacteriota

Blastocatellia

Blastocatellales

0.5

56

Chloroflexi

Dehalococcoidia

S085

0.5

57

Proteobacteria

Alphaproteobacteria

Elsterales

0.5

58

Actinobacteriota

Actinobacteria

Pseudonocardiales

0.4

59

Planctomycetota

Phycisphaerae

Phycisphaerales

0.4

60

Armatimonadota

Armatimonadia

Armatimonadales

0.4

61

Actinobacteriota

Actinobacteria

Euzebyales

0.4

62

Actinobacteriota

Actinobacteria

Streptosporangiales

0.4

63

Acidobacteriota

Thermoanaerobaculia

Thermoanaerobaculales

0.4

64

Entotheonellaeota

Entotheonellia

Entotheonellales

0.4

65

Bacteroidota

Bacteroidia

Sphingobacteriales

0.4

66

Planctomycetota

OM190

Unclassified

0.4

67

Proteobacteria

Gammaproteobacteria

Xanthomonadales

0.4

68

Acidobacteriota

Vicinamibacteria

Subgroup 17

0.3

69

Proteobacteria

Gammaproteobacteria

Nitrosococcales

0.3

70

Proteobacteria

Alphaproteobacteria

Caulobacterales

0.3

71

Abditibacteriota

Abditibacteria

Abditibacteriales

0.3

72

Actinobacteriota

Actinobacteria

Micrococcales

0.3

73

Myxococcota

bacteriap25

Unclassified

0.3

74

Firmicutes

Bacilli

Thermoactinomycetales

0.3

75

Actinobacteriota

Actinobacteria

Streptomycetales

0.3

76

Planctomycetota

Planctomycetes

Unclassified

0.3

77

Actinobacteriota

Thermoleophilia

Unclassified

0.3

78

Acidobacteriota

Acidobacteriae

Acidobacteriales

0.3

79

Proteobacteria

Gammaproteobacteria

Pseudomonadales

0.3

80

Bdellovibrionota

Oligoflexia

Oligoflexales

0.2

81

Acidobacteriota

Blastocatellia

44524

0.2

82

Chloroflexi

Gitt-GS-136

Unclassified

0.2

83

Verrucomicrobiota

Verrucomicrobiae

Verrucomicrobiales

0.2

84

Proteobacteria

Alphaproteobacteria

Rhodobacterales

0.2

85

Myxococcota

Polyangia

Blfdi19

0.2

86

Cyanobacteria

Sericytochromatia

Unclassified

0.2

87

Chloroflexi

Anaerolineae

SBR1031

0.2

88

Myxococcota

bacteriap25

metagenome

0.2

89

Proteobacteria

Gammaproteobacteria

Unclassified

0.2

90

Armatimonadota

Unclassified

metagenome

0.2

91

Bacteroidota

Kapabacteria

Kapabacteriales

0.2

92

Chloroflexi

Anaerolineae

Caldilineales

0.2

93

Chloroflexi

Chloroflexia

Thermobaculales

0.2

94

Deinococcota

Deinococci

Deinococcales

0.2

95

Chloroflexi

TK10

Chloroflexi bacterium JEA33

0.2

96

Proteobacteria

Gammaproteobacteria

Steroidobacterales

0.2

97

Verrucomicrobiota

Verrucomicrobiae

Opitutales

0.2

98

Proteobacteria

Gammaproteobacteria

Incertae Sedis

0.2

99

Armatimonadota

Fimbriimonadia

Fimbriimonadales

0.2

100

Chloroflexi

Dehalococcoidia

SAR202 clade

0.2


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